In the face of increasing concern about human-caused climate change, there is an urgent need for a global transition to clean energy. Yet in many parts of the world, such as sub-Saharan Africa, there is also a need for significant increases in energy consumption to improve human development. One pathway to meet these twin challenges of alleviating energy poverty and minimising greenhouse gas emissions is nuclear energy. By Abigail Sah, Jessica Lovering, Omaro Maseli and Aishwarya Saxena.